A CONVOCATION LECTURE

DELIVERED BY

PROF. ABIODUN AMUDA-KANNIKE SAN, FCArb, FCIAP, FCE, FCIHP, ACTI, DEAN, FACULTY OF LAW, KWARA STATE UNIVERSITY, MALETE, VIA ILORIN, KWARA STATE

Prof. A. Amuda-Kannike SAN is also a Member of the “Society for Artificial Intelligence and the Law.” 

AT

THE 7TH CONVOCATION/ MATRICULATION CEREMONY OF i-FATOSS UNIVERSITY-BENIN REPUBLIC (INSTITUT DES FORMATIONS AVANCEES) (IFA-TOSSI) HELD ON SATURDAY, 21ST OCTOBER, 2023 AT PALAIS DES CONGRES HALL COTONOU, REPUBLIC OF BENIN

 Written in both

ENGLISH AND FRENCH LANGUAGES

Écrit dans les deux

LANGUES ANGLAISE ET FRANÇAISE

INTRODUCTION

It is no longer news that artificial intelligence (AI) is penetrating deep into all facets of human existence especially in the Western World and minutely but with gradual growth in Africa and most especially in the area of quality of learning and education generally.

The truth about it, is that the world is now a global village and whatever is happening around several countries especially in Europe, Asia and Latin-America, is likely and has always found itself in other continent/countries and so is the issue of artificial intelligence (AI) with respect to education in the continent of Africa such as Benin Republic, Nigeria, Togo, Ghana, Zambia, Cameroon and other African countries.

The questions now arising are;

  1. What are the level of the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in the educational system and quality of learning of Africa as at today?
  2. What are the possibilities of Artificial Intelligence talking over the quality of learning and our educational system in the nearest future?

iii.      What are the major advantages of the Artificial Intelligence (AI) to educational system and quality of learning in Africa?

  1. What are the major disadvantages of the Artificial Intelligence (AI) to educational system and quality of learning in Africa?
  2. What the possible ways to navigate between the advantages and disadvantages of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the educational system and quality of learning in Africa in order to be safe in Africa?
  3. What the solutions to the disadvantages of Artificial Intelligence (AI) with respect to educational system and quality of learning in Africa?

The aims and objectives of this paper is to;

  1. find out about the level of the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the educational system and quality of learning of Africa as at today.
  2. find out the possibilities of Artificial Intelligence (AI) taking over the quality of learning and our educational system in the nearest future.

iii.      find out the major advantages of the Artificial Intelligence (AI) to educational system and quality of learning in Africa.

  1. find out the major disadvantages of the Artificial Intelligence (AI) to educational system and quality of learning in Africa.
  2. find out the possible ways to navigate between the advantages and disadvantages of Artificial Intelligence (AI) with respect to educational system and quality of learning in Africa.
  3. find out the solutions to the disadvantages of Artificial Intelligence (AI) with respect to educational system and quality of learning in Africa.

CONCEPTS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

The best way to describe Artificial Intelligence is to call it “augmented intelligence” because it is best suited for activities requiring reliance on analysis of data. This is a situation where automotive repetitive activities, and future results are being obtained through the use of data. This only takes place by using “algorithms” created by human beings. In the computer-world, there is what is called “Chatbots”. This is equally called part of AI as machines don’t have emotion, but can always be used to support customer service.[1]

Artificial Intelligence (AI) can also be said to be the intelligence machines/computers, or software which is different from the intelligence found in human beings or animals. It can further be said to do with “computer science” as a field of study/profession which principally relies on the development and studies of intelligence machines as the main support base.[2] Artificial Intelligence (AI) also means the science of making machines to think and act like human beings, save emotional thoughts. The essential goals of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is to be able to;

  1. Recognize patterns
  2. Make decisions

iii.      Judge like human beings

Machine learning is another aspect of Artificial Intelligence (AI) because it is more or less an aspect of Artificial Intelligence (AI). In a normal computer setting, once the computer is fed with data’s, it produce an output. However, when a computer is given input data which has a corresponding output data, the computer can quickly learn the “algorithm” on its own and this will lead to the prediction of the right output data which is usually referred to as “supervised-learning”.

Put in another way, if however, the computer is given a “complex” set of “input data” without a “corresponding output data”, the machine will identify the relationships found in the data in order to provide valuable insights for the use of decision-makers. This scenario is referred to as “unsupervised-learning”.[3]

Deep-learning in its own case mimics the working of our brains, the data are processed into the machine through multiple layers, after enough training with data, and the neutral networks can easily outperform humans at intelligent tasks like speech recognition or playing-of-chess. The search result from Google is part of Deep-Learning, it gives you what others are searching too. Its also there in Agriculture, Insurance, Medicine, etc.

The father of Artificial Intelligence was “John McCarthy”. He was an American Computer Scientist.[4]  He on his own coined the name “Artificial Intelligence”. Those other persons recognised as contributing to the development of Artificial Intelligence are;

  1. Alan Turing
  2. Allen Newell

iii.      Herbert .A.

AFRICAN EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM

It is a fact that without knowing the African educational systems, it may not be easy to appreciate what the effect of global transformation and quality of learning through Artificial Intelligence (AI) is, will be and how to navigate across this situation as it moves across the world today.

The society especially countries and tribes around the world as the society evolves have ways in which they trained and educate their children and populace especially in Africa. The only difference from place to place, countries by countries and persons to persons has to do with the goals set out for education and the method to use in impacting the knowledge.[5]

The system of learning were on their own being transformative as it went through stages;[6]

  1. From folklores, story telling
  2. Parents-child philosophical advocacy

iii.      The influence of Islam-Arabic knowledge

  1. Colonialism and the spread of Christianity
  2. Use of Slates and exercise books.
  3. Physical delivery of lecture and copying notes

vii.     Reading of textbooks

viii.    Use of lesson notes and forcing the children to memorize the topics

  1. Heavy moral discipline instilled in the educational system.[7]

Computer aided instruction started to gain acceptance in usage around early 1980s, this has to do with drilling and practice programs specifically used in the classrooms.

Africa have got lots of work to do educationally in order to fulfil the aspiration and dream of Africa as far as education and most especially African education is concerned.[8]

THE VALUES OF AFRICAN EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM

There is no denial that both the Nigerian nation and Benin Republic were colonized by the British and French respectively, their educational system were entrenched in our society against the interest of the African society. We became so serious in this type of education to such extent that African educational system and languages were jettisoned.[9]

No wonder, the erudite scholar and professor of law of Great repute, Prof. Ademola O. Popoola[10] while alluding to Professor Fafunwa (1973:13) posited as followings;

“…Every society, whether simple or complex, has its own system for training and educating its youth. Education for the good of life has been identified as one of the most persistent concerns of men throughout history. What may differ from place to place, nation to nation and people to people is the goal of education and the method of approach. As Fafunwa (1974:13) identifies, the Greek idea of an educated man was one who was mentally and physically well-balanced; the Romans, for their part, placed emphasis on oratorical and military training. During the middle-Ages in England, the Knight, the Lord and Priest were considered classical examples of well-educated elite”.[11]

The learned Professor while stressing the above issues further stated that;[12]

“Whereas in France, the scholar was the hallmark of excellence, in Germany, it was a patriot. In the old African society, the warrior, the hunter, the noble man, the man of character or anyone who combine this with a specific skill was considered to be well-integrated citizen of his community”.

The learned Professor of Law while referring to Fafunwa Ibid 20 again opened our understanding of the value of education especially its objectives thus;[13]

“1.     To develop the child’s latent physical skills.

  1. To develop character.
  2. To develop intellectual skills.
  3. To acquire specific vocational training and to develop healthy attitude towards honest labour.
  4. To develop a sense of belonging and to participate actively in family and community affairs.

6        To understand, appreciate and promote the cultural heritage of the community at large.

  1. To inculcate respect for elders and those in position of authority”.

He concluded by saying that the educational system be internationalized just as we stated earlier that there is great need for collaboration ad co-operation, establishment of satellite campuses through Mou’s foreign partnerships, curriculum revisit, evaluation and other activities while he emphasized “study abroad by the students” just as you have done by schooling in Benin Republic while also not loosing the opportunity of Higher Education Industry/Civil Society partnerships.

In our view also,[14] because of the modern day trend, electronic, e-video, zoom and other e-system of learning should be utilized especially as Nigerian government has just granted License to a private university to undertake a complete-distant learning university system for the first time apart from National Open University and almost all their activities will be done online, this does not make such certificate to be inferior to other universities which are not through online.

 

 

THE ISSUE OF EDUCATIONAL DIGITAL TRANSFORMTION

Educational Digital Transformation itself has to do with re-imaging the process of bringing on one hand, the people, on the other hand, the data and including processing both the people and data together in such a way as to give rise to a better environment for teaching and learning for students the educators, the parents and leaders in the modern day digital world including preparing and opening the opportunity for innovations and challenges which are likely to arise.

With respect to the said transformation, this includes the reorganization of the formal and informal system of education and learning environments, conditions and modes of impacting knowledge vis-à-vis, the contents and delivery of knowledge in an improved manner.

In the schools, once it has been agreed that transformational change should take place, then, there is the need to put in place the enabling environment for it to succeed. The covid-19 epidemic caught a lot of people by surprise. The response to it by the educators and most leaders was the widespread and serious rapid shift to “ONLINE” and remote teaching which requires serious demand for what can be called “Just-in-time professional development”.

EXAMPLES OF ARITIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN LEARNING

Ways to learn about ChatGPT[15]

  1. Use the latest model Open AI using the latest version of it ChatGPT.
  • If the money to spend will be much and to save cost you can go for GPT 3.5.
  • There are other AI tools which took their bearing from ChatGPT.
  • They will generate response once you use ChatGPT latest model such as perplexity Bing and other models.
  1. Set in the instruction to being and put in double quotes.

Example prompt:

Could you please explain the following passage?

“This article explores how the vernacular literature society introduced Han’s Christian Anderson’s Stories as suitable literature…”

iii.      One must be specific[16]

  • No need to say; Tell me about “Political Identity”
  • Start the question with;

“Can you write a tutorial for political identity in the form of a list with ten bullet points?”

  1. Avoid fluffy descriptions
  • Instead of “What is the available method to teach” time management to students of academic writing?
  • Use the style this way; “How can we use Parkinson’s Law to teach academic writing?”
  1. Mention desired output format[17]

Instead of saying “How to apply for “i-FATOSS Fellowship””

  • Use this style this way; “Please tell me how to apply for a “i-FATOSS Fellowship?” You should try as much as possible to limit your answer to only five points as if I am five years old”.
  1. Do incremental prompting please
  • Try to use a simple prompt when you begin
  • Later increase the level of the complexity involved.

This can be;

  • Establish the context
  • Explain the topic
  • Specify the task
  • Ask follow-up question then

For a teacher to incorporate AI in teaching, the following should take place[18]

  1. The teacher should understand the basics of AI and familiarize with the concepts of Algorithms and large language models.
  2. The teacher should identify the AI tools and platforms available specifically designed for educational purpose. The appropriate for now is ChatGPT. There are others such as, Claude, Bard from Google. We equally have Mid Journey and Stable Diffusion which are AI image generations tools.
  3. The teacher should determine the learning objectives which should be clearer through the integration of AI. He should identify the areas where the AI will enhance the student learning, such as data analysis, problem-solving and creative thinking.
  4. The teacher should also choose appropriate AI activities by selecting age-appropriate for AI, to be aligned with curriculum and engagement of students in active learning such as students creating chatbots using ChatGPT, allowing them to code and decode.
  5. The teacher should encourage the use of ethical AI. Engagement in conversation about it including issue of hallucinations of large language. They should think creatively.[19]
  6. Evaluate and assess the students as a teacher.
  7. Be up to date with new development as a teacher.
  8. Provide guidance and support, as a teacher.
  9. Foster more collaboration.

EXAMPLES OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

  1. Another form of the use of Artificial Intelligence is “WhatsApp”. Therefore WhatsApp chatbots is a powerful AI-powered means of educational knowledge. It is noteworthy that some of its features includes centralized dashboard, multiple-sign-ins, third party software integrations, programmatic response to queries and more.[20]
  2. Zoom platform is another form of Artificial Intelligence (AI). This platform, enable zoom meetings, users can watch recordings faster through highlights and smart chapters and review summaries. The video also allow you to watch, hear, and interact with lecturers and students.[21]
  3. E-mail is another form of Artificial Intelligence and it is a form of machine learning in an email program. It allows analysis of hundreds or thousands of inboxes.[22]
  4. Instagram is another form of Artificial Intelligence which determines the content relevant to the used based interactions with the applications.[23]
  5. Social Media generally are part of Artificial Intelligence. This includes use of Facebook, Tik-Tok, YouTube and all other social media activities. This can and has been used for educational activities and are becoming more popular in usage as at today.[24]
  6. Twitter now known as ‘X’ itself has turned to Artificial Intelligence and has been used for educational activities and researches.[25] Twitter uses AI in multiple of ways and one of such is through the use of machine learning algorithms to create personalized content for each user’s timeline. Twitter utilizes AI to improve its recommendation systems, suggesting accounts to follow or tweets to engage depending on user’s interest/preference.
  7. Google is another type of Artificial Intelligence. Google has variety of Artificial Intelligence techniques in its search algorithms and other services. This has been used to teach, to learn, to research and other educational activities. It is so useful to impact knowledge and share experiences.[26]
  8. MathGPT Pro: MathGPT Pro is a newly launched AI tool where artificial intelligence meets mathematical solutions because it is specifically designed to solve mathematical problems.[27]

It is a versatile maths learning tool that combines activities and games designed to help students with improving their maths abilities in a fun environment. Learning activities begin with a simple counting and grouping then progress through addition, subtraction, multiplication, perfect squares and square roots.[28]

USEFULLNESS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLEIGENCE IN EDUCATION SECTOR[29]

INTRODUCTION

The fact remains that Artificial Intelligence in Education Sector enabled solutions and tools empower teachers and students with a wide area of learning and teaching opportunities in various formats. The technology has been seen to assists institutions in bringing about serious changes in their processes and designing a curriculum based on knowledge. AI, in any form, is a special area of interest for teachers to teach and help students learn through customized study materials in a friendly environment.

Today’s style of teaching students and their studies are quite different from what it was some years ago. AI-enabled technology has also allowed administrative tasks to be automated, enabling organizations to reduce the time required to complete tedious tasks and everyday processes.

USEFULNESS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLEIGENCE (AI)

  1. AI-Enabled Administrative Task Automation

AI’s advents have automated much of the administrative tasks that have consequently provided teachers and organizations more time to communicate with students, plan for a class, or concentrate on other essential activities. The technology has allowed the automation of paperwork classification and processing, meaning that teachers and administrators no longer have to do these tasks manually. In the coming years, AI could potentially create more efficient enrolment and admission processes.[30]

  1. AI for Improved Grading System

Teachers often spend a lot of time grading exams, reviewing homework, and giving their students feedback. AI can be helpful here. However, technology can not completely replace the human grading system, but it can help. Using AI, teachers can automate grading for multiple-choice and fill-in-the-blank tests of almost all kinds. Such technology can evaluate the knowledge of students, analyze their answers, and provide helpful input and help teachers develop customized student training plans. AI systems also get pretty close to being able to evaluate the students’ writing, as well.[31]

  1. AI-Enabled Smart Content

The traditional syllabuses were enabled to create customized textbooks through AI. Such textbooks are being digitized, creating new learning interfaces to help students of all academic grades. For example, Cram101 uses AI to help break down the contents of textbooks into a more accessible study guide. This makes it easy to explore with chapter summaries, flashcards, and practical tests.[32]

  1. AI-Enabled Smart Tutorials

A smart tutoring system allows customized online tutoring that is tailored to the students’ learning styles and preferences. Such programs operate according to the student’s needs by putting greater emphasis on those topics, reinforcing things students have not learned. It also allows the students at their own pace to work. Smart tutoring programs such as Mastery Learning and Carnegie Learning use cognitive science and AI technology to give post-secondary students customized tutoring and real-time feedback.[33]

  1. Personalized Learning by Artificial Intelligence

A number of educational programs have been developed which optimize the learning speed and the instructional method for each learner’s needs. These AI-powered apps allow students to customize learning where their teachers give personalized and tailored responses. Teachers can also break down the lessons into smart study guides and flashcards to make it easier for students to understand. Through this, teachers will also be able to teach students based on the skill of an individual student and the challenges they encounter while learning class materials.[34]

  1. Worldwide Learning

AI has made it easier for the world to learn any course from anywhere around the globe. Students can use the benefits of convenient learning from anywhere in the world at any time through AI systems, software, and support. AI-enabled technologies have also helped to make world classrooms accessible to all, even if they belong to a different linguistic community.[35]

For instance, the Presentation Translator, which is a free PowerPoint plug-in, provides real-time subtitles for what the instructor is saying. Besides, voice recognition and translation through Azure Cognitive Services enables students to hear or read what’s being said in their own native language.

  1. To teach the Law Students law of Contract now including other Law subjects, it is important to teach them through AI and introduce them to Artificial intelligence and the Law, otherwise, the Law will move ahead of the Law Students in Africa. For example, Artificial intelligence in drafting of Commercial and Contractual agreement, relating with clients, preparation for court cases and even delivery of judgment in court including conducting cases through zoom and filing of cases electronically.[36]

THE NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF THE USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN TEACHING, LEARNING AND EDUCATION

  1. The first disadvantage is lack of privacy as much of the sensitive information uploaded are automatically exposed into cloud based databases without sufficient security in place against anti-piracy.
  2. The second disadvantage is that most students who will not be able to adjust to the use of technology such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) and that will mean that education may not be at the door step of every students who may depend heavily on the use of Artificial Intelligence.
  3. The third disadvantage of Artificial Intelligence in education (AI) is that it is likely going to lead to serious unemployment. There will be less reliance on human teaching as Robots can teach successfully too just like a human being. Most of the staffs may not even be required in the schools, offices, as Robots can successfully handle such jobs. Therefore, those jobless individuals will cause much more societal problems which may not be too good for normal well-being of the society.

Furthermore, because the programs, it help the students to learn on their own, they no longer require human instructors to guide the students during lessons or even while handling assignment.

  1. There exist the problem of high financial cost because most of the softwares are costly. Some of the schools and educational managers may not be able to meet up the cost of purchase, renewal, upgrade or even repairs. This will certainly affect educational management, learning and activities.
  2. Artificial Intelligence (AI) lack emotion. It has no emotion at all because it is not a human being that is impacting knowledge in this regard. Lots of people enjoy learning emotionally while studying, this is however lacking with the use of Artificial Intelligence. The vital aspect of learning and education which has to do with learning of social skills such as “empathy” and “communication-skills” leading to assisting the students to succeed after graduation will be lacking in Artificial Intelligence education in comparism with human interface.
  3. Artificial Intelligence decreases the thinking power of the students because technology does most of the work, therefore, the use of the brain, naturally to perform duties are now reduced against nature as some persons will start even thinking like the machine itself.
  4. There are likely to be network problem which can easily affect the learning of most students from time to time. Even in the bank nowadays or on our phones/computers, network comes and go. That means if network does not come for some days, there may be no lecture nor examination.
  5. The students are likely to fraudulently “hack” or manipulate Artificial Intelligence for examination malpractices, fake registration, test and even assignments. There is likelihood of changing even scores, results or even graduation certificates.
  6. Slides can always disappoint you too just like the network services. Prepare yourself.
  7. Viruses can easily corrupt the system to be used for teaching. That will mean until such system is repaired, or re set, educational activities will not take place for that period of time.
  8. We may start seeing Robotic vice-chancellors
  9. We may start seeing Robotic students who will sit for examinations and attend lectures for students.
  10. We may start seeing Robotic staffs in an entire organization of university/ universities structures.
  11. You may even see Robotic kidnappers, cultists and bandits.

NAVIGATING THROUGH/RECOMMENDATIONS

  1. Creation of Advisory Body to solve the problem of AI or National Commission for Artificial Intelligence and Sundry Activities (NCAIASA).
  2. There should be laws and regulations of AI by the government in Africa especially through the African Union (A.U).
  3. There should not be abandonment of human interaction with the students because humans have emotions which is necessary, so it should be a blend of humans and AI.
  4. There should be training and retraining of staffs in the educational sectors about AI
  5. There should be AI educational funds to assist those who require it in order to improve educational standards.
  6. It is suggested that there should be more investment and development of the network provisions in Africa.
  7. It all tertiary institutions in Africa, there should be a Department for Artificial Intelligence which will collaborate with the information and technology (ICT Department) to provide e-learning support popularly called now as Artificial Intelligence learning support.
  8. It is suggested that Africa should take the lead, expand the scope of video conferencing, lectures should be delivered stress free as if you are present in the lecture room, documents should be snapped and uploaded as often as possible, voice command should be imputed and all should be stress free instead of the present e-learning platform which most often are cumbersome to navigate, and utilized.
  9. Furthermore, it is also suggested that, we should not just be tied down to a particular method of e-learning for now because of our peculiar circumstances in Africa. We should be able to utilize the several artificial intelligence platforms already mentioned in the course of this paper, because what is important to us in Africa is delivery of education that is useful to our society and not the one that will cause more problems to our educational system vis-à-vis our society. This must be an issue that should confront our various Federal Ministry of Education in Africa and the African Union.
  10. The suggestion above is back up with this issue which often occurs. You tried the first POS transaction ₦25,000. Decline with error message and you have been debited. Second attempt with another POS ₦20,000 is gone, no reversal. You pulse for a while and tried after few hours with the hope others will be reversed. Third attempt another ₦15,000 is gone, now you are stranded. After 24hours no reversal and no apology or whatsoever to the customer knowing fully well that there are network glitches from your organization.
  11. Accordingly for those law students and Lecturers in Africa, it is now necessary but not compulsory, however it is advisable to join, the “Society for Artificial Intelligence and the Law”

CONCLUSION

Great Graduands, you must have experience in Benin Republic, in the course of your study, some hardship, sadness and grief, but you should be grateful to Almighty God who created the Earth and the Heaven as you concluded your journey with great achievements including good memories. Congratulations.

Embarking on a journey which began some time ago, how could you have imagined all the things you have come to know. You learned to use each challenge as an opportunity, to overcome each problem, despite adversity. It wasn’t always easy keeping up with what was “cool” but you held on tight to your beliefs and carried them through the university here, in Benin Republic. You found your voice and chose a path that honours who you are, and that, I think, may be your greatest lesson learnt so far. For no one could be prouder of the person you have become, and that is why I am confident that the best is yet to come. May you never waste a moment “wishing” life was not unfair. Rather use the gifts God gave to you to change the world out there. Your graduation signals to us that you are on your way, so spread your wings and fly my dear, forever and a day! No matter where life leads you, no matter what you do, we will always be your biggest fans, and we will be there for you. Once more, congratulations as you convocate today.

Now to the New Students

I see their confidence, not over-assuming, but not too shy and timid. Your socialization sounds healthy not extreme nor conceited in character.

A bit classy but not social climber. You have nice camaraderie and cool friendships. You have a sense of loyalty to this university. Proud of your university in this university with high spirit.

You have love-life, but serious in your studies. You are close with your classmates. You have catchy and elegant uniforms, and clothes. You know how to bring up your stance.

Most of you are not hi-hat snobs. You have good and natural smiles. You have and you will be excelling in academics, sports and arts. You are enjoying this university here in Benin Republic. Congratulations as you matriculate as a university student today.

REFERENCES

  1. INTERNET MATERIALS
  2. Allan: Artificial Intelligence; see https://www.tikeron.com; Accessed through the internet on 15/9/2023 at 7pm
  3. AI; see https://www.hcltech.com; Accessed through the internet on 15/9/2023 at 7:15pm
  4. For example a car can be computerized with pictures of human beings in order to avoid hitting them while moving.
  5. AI father; see https://testbook.com; Accessed through the internet on 15/9/2023 at 7:45pm
  6. Methods: see https://link.springer.com; Accessed through the internet on 18/9/2023 at 11:01pm
  7. Artificial Intelligence and Africa; see https://mcoe.int>artificial; Accessed through the internet on 18/9/2023 at 11:15pm
  8. Abdulwaheed Musa; Kwasu WhatsApp platform accessed on 17/9/2023 at 4pm
  9. Teachers improvement of AI: See https://gowinston.a>; Accessed through the internet on 25/9/2023 at 5:32pm
  10. Impact of Artificial Intelligence in Education Sector; see https://theceoviews.com/impact-of-artificial-intelligence-in-the-education-sector/; Accessed through the internet 25/9/2023 at 5:40pm
  11. WhatsApp chatbox; see https://yellow.a/; Accessed through the internet on 25/9/2023 at 6:35pm
  12. Zoom; see https://investor.zoom.us>, Accessed through the internet on 25/9/2023 at 6:55pm
  13. E-mail; see https://sendgrid.com; Accessed through the internet on 25/9/2023 at 7pm
  14. Instagram; see https://later.com; Accessed through the internet on 25/9/2023 at 7:05pm
  15. Social Media; see https://www.techtarget.com; Accessed through the internet on 25/9/2023 at 7:10pm
  16. Twitter; see https://digitalmahbub.com; Accessed through the internet on 25/9/2023 at 8:10pm
  17. Google; see https://www.quora.com>is-Google; Accessed through the internet on 25/9/2023 at 8:17pm
  18. MathGPTPro; see https://www.mathprogame.com/; Accessed through the internet on 9/10/2023 at 7:29pm
  19. BOOKS/LECTURES
  20. Prof. Fafunwa A. Babs; (1974) History of Education in Nigeria; Pg 13.
  21. Prof. A.O Popoola; Higher Education Nigeriana – A Journey Across Time & Space; Text of the 2021 Convocation Lecture of the Kwara State University, Malete.

[1] Allan: Artificial Intelligence; see https://www.tikeron.com; Accessed through the internet on 15/9/2023 at 7pm

[2] AI; see https://www.hcltech.com; Accessed through the internet on 15/9/2023 at 7:15pm

[3] For example a car can be computerized with pictures of human beings in order to avoid hitting them while moving.

[4] AI father; see https://testbook.com; Accessed through the internet on 15/9/2023 at 7:45pm

[5] Prof. Fafunwa A. Babs; (1974) History of Education in Nigeria; Pg 13.

[6] Methods: see https://link.springer.com; Accessed through the internet on 18/9/2023 at 11:01pm

[7] Artificial Intelligence and Africa; see https://mcoe.int>artificial; Accessed through the internet on 18/9/2023 at 11:15pm

[8] The African Union is not out to see one country as a laughing stock or to reduce their value but to make sure that education of African countries is respected and become useful. No wonder, Nigeria has been of assistance in this regard by recognizing genuine certificates from accredited tertiary institutions from Benin Republic.

[9] The value of education need to be clearly shown for proper understanding in this lecture.

[10] Prof. Ademola A.O Popoola; Ibid

[11] Fafunwa A. Babs (1974) History of Education in Nigeria.

[12] Prof. Ademola A.O Popoola; Ibid

[13] Prof. Ademola A.O Popoola; Ibid

[14] This view was what we witnessed and known generally by most people. The appreciation of this necessity as the mother of invention is of immense benefit to the whole world.

[15] Dr. Abdulwaheed Musa; Kwasu WhatsApp platform accessed on 17/9/2023 at 4pm

[16] Ibid

[17] Ibid

[18] Teachers improvement of AI: See https://gowinston.a>; Accessed through the internet on 25/9/2023 at 5:32pm

[19] Ibid

[20] WhatsApp chatbox; see https://yellow.a/; Accessed through the internet on 25/9/2023 at 6:35pm

[21] Zoom; see https://investor.zoom.us>, Accessed through the internet on 25/9/2023 at 6:55pm

[22] E-mail; see https://sendgrid.com; Accessed through the internet on 25/9/2023 at 7pm

[23] Instagram; see https://later.com; Accessed through the internet on 25/9/2023 at 7:05pm

[24] Social Media; see https://www.techtarget.com; Accessed through the internet on 25/9/2023 at 7:10pm

[25] Twitter; see https://digitalmahbub.com; Accessed through the internet on 25/9/2023 at 8:10pm

[26] Google; see https://www.quora.com>is-Google; Accessed through the internet on 25/9/2023 at 8:17pm

[27] Dr. A. Musa, AG Director, CAMS, Kwara State University, Malete Nigeria.

[28] MathGPTPro; see https://www.mathprogame.com/; Accessed through the internet on 9/10/2023 at 7:29pm

[29] Impact of Artificial Intelligence in Education Sector; see https://theceoviews.com/impact-of-artificial-intelligence-in-the-education-sector/; Accessed through the internet 25/9/2023 at 5:40pm

[30] Impact of Artificial Intelligence in Education Section; see https://theceoviews.com/impact-of-artificial-intelligence-in-the-education-sector/; Accessed through the internet on 28/9/2023 at 10:30pm – 11pm

[31] Ibid

[32] Ibid

[33] Ibid

[34] Ibid

[35] Ibid

[36] Using AI to teach law students; see https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/navigating-ai-web3-revolution-emerging-frontiers-law-asare-ofori#:~:text=AI%20and%20Web3%20technologies%20have,the%20reliance%20on%20traditional%20intermediaries; Accessed from the internet on 9/10/2023 at 8:26pm

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