After years of negotiations, the European Parliament has approved a major reform tightening the EU’s migration and asylum rules which has been in the works since 2015 and will come into force in two years’ time.
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It is designed to speed up the asylum process and boost the return of irregular migrants to their home countries and will also require EU member states to share responsibility for asylum seekers.
2023 saw some 380,000 people illegally crossing the EU’s borders – the highest number since 2016.
The EU said the pact combined “mandatory solidarity” between member states with flexibility. Although some EU states remain opposed to parts of the agreement, it is expected to receive full approval at the end of April under majority voting.
Under the proposed rules, the EU’s 27 countries will be required to either take in thousands of migrants from “frontline” countries, such as Italy, Greece and Spain, or provide extra funding or resources instead.
The pact also says that asylum claims with “low chances of being accepted” should be examined rapidly, without necessarily admitting the applicant into EU territory.
The agreement also aims to deal with asylum requests within a maximum of 12 weeks. In case of rejection, asylum seekers would have to be returned forcibly to their home country within the same period.
Migrants will be subject to a toughened pre-entry screening procedure within seven days, which would include identification and health and security checks.
Biometric data for any migrant aged six or older will be collected and there will be a mechanism to respond to sudden increases in arrivals.
The migration pact has been backed by two main political groups – the centre-right European People’s Party Group (EPP Group) and the centre-left Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats (S&D).
Both groups are trying to fend off a strong challenge from the right in parliamentary elections in June.
German Chancellor Olaf Scholz praised a “historic, indispensable step” and Roberta Metsola, the president of the European Parliament, said it struck a “balance between solidarity and responsibility”.
“It will not solve everything overnight but it is 10 giant leaps forward,” she said.
However, left-wing and far-right groups opposed the agreement.
Many NGOs also urged MEPs to vote down the reform, with Amnesty International warning the pact would lead to a “surge in suffering” for asylum seekers.
One common objection from NGOs is that asylum seekers with low chances of being accepted would have their claims processed either on small border islands or in detention facilities in frontline states, and have less access to fair procedures.
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